Comprises two bodies of work, Imaginarium and As Ritual, together with historical visual materials such as postcards, ordinary people's photographs and archival documents from Taiwan under Japanese and Kuomintang rule, re-edited and problematised. Started in 2015, Imaginarium focuses on twenty Martyrs' Shrines across Taiwan, some of them former Japanese shrines, exploring the tensions of these national mourning sanctuaries, where the dead and the living, the sacred and the secular, and autocratic and democratic systems coexist. Launched in 2020, As Ritual re-engages with personal life experience through rituals and actions of headless bowing, reflecting on the spatial conditioning of power embedded in colonial architecture and on the links between bodily discipline and biopolitical governance. It follows Tsao's earlier work Sojourn, made while studying in the United States.